Quantifying both the localization and the magnitude of mechanical forces produced by skin cells.
Numerous cells in the vertebrate epidermis exert force on the skin surface. Based on skin lesion analysis and previous studies, the skin mechanically loads the surrounding dermal tissues. However, a complete picture of the forces exerted is lacking. Recently, micropipette aspiration was adapted for the epidermis and showed that cells press onto the surface. Nevertheless, it was not possible to quan