A construction joint expansion board, also known as an expansion joint or control joint, is a material used in construction to accommodate the movement of building materials caused by temperature changes, moisture variations, or structural settling. It is typically a flexible element placed between two adjacent sections of a structure to allow for controlled expansion and contraction.

The purpose of an expansion joint is to prevent cracking or damage to the structure that may result from the stresses induced by thermal expansion or contraction. Without expansion joints, the natural movement of building materials due to temperature changes could lead to structural failures.

Expansion joints can be found in various parts of a building, including floors, walls, ceilings, and bridges. They are commonly used in concrete and masonry construction but can also be found in other materials such as metal or rubber.

The expansion joint board itself is usually made of a flexible material such as rubber, neoprene, or foam. It is designed to compress or expand as the adjacent building materials move, effectively absorbing the stresses and preventing them from being transferred to the structure.

During construction, the expansion joint board is installed in a strategic location where the anticipated movement is expected to occur. The joint is typically filled with a flexible sealant or filler material to provide additional protection against water penetration and to maintain the joint's integrity.

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Regular inspection and maintenance of expansion joints are important to ensure their effectiveness and longevity. Over time, the joint material may degrade or lose its flexibility, requiring replacement or repair.